世界最大の人口を抱えながら、急速な経済成長を20年ほど続けてきた中国では、一方、様々な資源・環境や産業・社会問題も年々深刻さを増している。特に国有鉱業企業を基盤として発展してきた鉱業都市では、資源枯渇や国有経済不況に伴う地域経済の行き詰まりに直面して、外部からの投資を呼び込めない経済停滞−環境悪化の悪循環に陥っているために、深刻な失業・環境問題が発生している。本書は、とくに中国東北部の炭鉱都市である遼源市を事例に、細密な統計データ解析と綿密な現地調査によって、近年、大きく変貌を遂げている中国の社会経済状況の中でのこうした鉱業都市の貧困・環境問題と、それが市民の生活空間に及ぼした影響を分析し、中国鉱業都市の変容の実態と都市の持続性を明らかにした。これまで、中国鉱業都市に関して研究の蓄積があまり見られなかったが、本書は、中国の鉱業都市問題の実態をはじめて総合的に解き示した。
This study investigates the poverty, environmental issues and the change of urban human activity spaces in Chinese mining cities since 1950s. Utilizing the existed literature includes chorography, statistical and map datum, the author firstly identifies the category of Chinese mining cities and its distribution characteristics. And then the author choose Liaoyuan city, a colliery city located in Northeast of China, as a fieldwork case to investigate the Chinese mining cities.
This study consists of three parts. The first part synthetically analyzes the general developing history, recent status and trends of the Chinese mining cities. Based on the part one, the second part presents a case study of Liaoyuan City. The author analyzes the actual problems of industrial stagnation, unemployment, poverty and environmental deterioration, as well as the change of human activity space caused by the problems presented above in detail. In the third part, the author especially pays attention to the affection of Danwei regulation. The author shows the affection of Danwei regulation to the industrial stagnation, unemployment, environmental pollution and the change of urban human activity spaces.
In conclusion, the mining cities have become one of the main problem regions in China. The local areaﾕs poverty, environmental issues are challenge subjects. Through the case study of Chinese mining cities, this study presents the urban sustainability in the process of Chinese economic developing.